Asslamoalaikum Sir, can we write only one research question or more than one questions?

Dear Student One question will be enough, but it is fine if you want to write more; just make sure that both belongs to a single research design.

Assalam o Alaikum Sir, What is Substantive Approach   Distributional Substantive Approach   Distributional Approach.

These are used in ‘Collapsing Categories’.  It is used to simplify the understanding of data. If we have 5 categories of responses then we can collapse in to 3. For instance, Strongly Disagree, Disagree, Neutral, Agree & Strongly Agree are five responses of a questionnaire. After data collection, we can collapse them accordingly to similarity and then we can have Disagree (Strongly Disagree + Disagree), Neutral, & Agree (Agree + Strongly Agree). The decision of collapsing depends upon a researcher and requirement of a project.

Substantive approach: Combining categories that seem to fit together: the categories have something in common. It is the matter of commonsense. For instance, you can combine according to occupations, subjects and similar responses just like above example.

Distributional approach: This approach is restricted to receding variables where the categories or values have a natural order from low to high. For example, how are we to regard the income level of a person who earns Rs. 30,000 a month: is this low, medium or high? Therefore, we assign the codes according to the available data.

Feel free to ask in case you need more information at qundeel.com@gmail.com

Dear Sir Every type of empirical research has an implicit, if not explicit, research design. Explain it please. I’m unable to understand this. Thanks.

Dear student : In some publications, research design is not explicitly given but it does not mean that it does not have any research design. It is always advised to explicitly provide the research design.

With due respect , Sir what is the best and simplest way of selecting research topic and what are the criteria to make that very narrow or specific? 

Dear Student Select your broad area, go through research articles and see what you want to work upon. Following questions may guide you:-

Why a particular topic, what is missing, what others haven’t discussed, is it new, has someone already worked on it, then why I am doing it, I need to solve a problem and that problem has not been be solved by anyone else, there is some relation that I want to study and that relation has not been observed/studied before. With the help this you may find a research problem.

A research problem is a statement about an area of concern, a condition to be improved upon, a difficulty to be eliminated, or a troubling question that exists in scholarly literature, in theory, or in practice that points to the need for meaningful understanding and deliberate investigation. In some social science disciplines the research problem is typically posed in the form of one or more questions. A research problem does not state how to do something, offer a vague or broad proposition, or present a value question.

What makes a good research question? It’s a common query that graduate students face when developing their research topics. Unless a topic, and its subsequent questions, are handed to the student, there is often a period of uncertainty in which the student is developing a host of possible research questions all the while wondering if they are actually thesis or dissertation “worthy.” Students often feel they need to demonstrate their sophistication by creating complex and multilayered questions. Certainly it’s important to consider the originality of a research topic, the contribution it will make to the field. But you can approach an interesting and important topic with research questions that are uncomplicated and clear. Start with the idea—what you want to know about the topic—and then break that idea down into more and more parsimonious questions. Don’t be afraid of simplicity in composing research questions. A set of straightforward research questions will help you stay focused on your research topic at those inevitable times when you need to regain your footing and will demonstrate to readers that you have a focused research agenda.

Sir how we will be able to select much related literature to our study? How we can decide that what methodology will be of our research? Regards

Your variable of interest will lead you to the appropriate literature. General guideline is to include the latest published literature review (articles) which can help you to determine research problem.

Sir what is difference between historical research and qualitative research.

Dear Student Generally research is categorized as quantitative and qualitative where historical research falls in qualitative research – in which the researcher examines data on events and conditions in the historical past and/or in different societies.

Salam sir Please explain chonolgy in writing body part.

I believe that you want to inquire about ‘chronology’. It means one should cite the events/researches/work/studies in the order they appeared.