ABSTRACT
Policy makers, school teachers, and educational experts have often advocated encouraging parents to become more involved in their children’s academic lives. Increasing parental involvement is a focal point of both President George W. Bush’s No Child Left Behind Act and President Obama’s Race to the Top initiative. Recognizing that parents’ decisions play a major role in their children’s schooling, these programs promote parental engagement as a remedy for the United States’ persistent socioeconomic and racial achievement gaps.2 The educational reality in developing countries is fundamentally different, as many children are first-generation students whose parents might not be able to follow what happens at school (Banerjee &Duflo, 2006). Schooling has long-term benefits for children but short-term costs for parents. Low-income households in developing countries often keep their children out of school to make an immediate contribution to household earnings or do household work. Many of these parents are not motivated enough to send their children to school or encourage them to study.
This paper uses a randomized field experiment to examine whether increasing parental engagement through parent–teacher face-to-face meetings and interactions in schools could increase the educational achievements of students in disadvantaged, rural communities. We focus on children in remote rural communities in a developing country whose socioeconomic status puts them at an educational disadvantage compared to children in urban and town settings. The parents of these children are on low incomes, are under-represented in society, and tend to be less involved in their children’s educations.
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TABLE OF CONTENT
LIST OF CONTENTS
Chapter Title Page#
- INTRODUCTION 01
- Statement of the problem 02
- Objectives of the study 02
- Research question of the study 03
- Research methodology 03
- Tool of research 04
- Data Analysis 05
- Delimitation of research 05
- REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
- Background information 06
- Leadership and parent involvement 07
- Effects on Test Scores 27
- How parents can help 30
- Challenges to Parent Involvement 32
- What Schools Can Do To Involve Parents 33
- Parent-Teacher Relationships 33
- Summary 34
- METHODOLOGY
- Research Design 35
- Population 35
- Sampling 35
- Tool of Research 36
- Data Analysis 37
- Delimitation of research 37
- Data analysis and interpretation
- Analysis and interpretation of data 38
- Conclusions
- Summary 58
- Findings 60
- Recommendations 62
- Suggestions for further research 62
- References 64
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